近代中国民间信仰研究的理论反思

学界对近代中国民间信仰的研究已经取得了较为丰富的成果,但当前在研究的推进上遇到了“瓶颈”,这主要表现为视野狭窄、成见较多、自说自话等。为突破此“瓶颈”,需要在理论方面讨论如下问题:其一,民间信仰是民俗还是风俗、礼俗;其二,民间信仰是不是“迷信”;其三,民间信仰是不是宗教;其四,如何对民间信仰进行跨学科研究。厘清这些问题,不仅可以更准确的认识与把握民间信仰在近代中国社会中的角色、作用及其变迁,而且可以促进民间信仰研究的跨学科交流与对话,突出其对于当代社会文化建设的意义。

民间信仰;  礼俗;  民俗宗教;  迷信;  社会史;  跨学科;

作者简介：李俊领,中国社会科学院近代史研究所助理研究员北京100006

There are abundant achievements on the study of folk beliefs in modern China. However,a bottleneck appears at the further study,which is mainly showed that the narrow vision,much prejudge,lack of communication. In order to break the bottleneck,the following theoretic questions need to be discussed. Firstly,does the folk beliefs belong to folk-customs,custom or manners? Secondly,does it equal to superstition? Thirdly,does it belong to religion? Fourthly,how to apply the interdisciplinary approach on the study of the folk beliefs? Answering these questions is not only helpful to understand the role and the transition of the folk beliefs in modern Chinese society,but also useful to promote interdisciplinary dialogues in the study of the folk beliefs. All of these highlight the significance to the contemporary social culture construction.

folk beliefs;  rituals and customs;  folk religion;  superstition;  social history;  interdiscipline;